Atrial fibrosis can be estimated noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), but diastolic dysfunction is clinically assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and ...

Background: In mitral valve dysfunction, noninvasive measurement of transmitral blood flow is an important clinical examination. Flow imaging of the mitral valve, however, is challenging, since it moves in and out of the ...